Power & Cooling Infrastructure

Data Center Power & Cooling Infrastructure Guide

Complete guide to power requirements, UPS systems, generators, cooling methods, PUE optimization, and energy efficiency strategies for data centers in India.

Power Requirements & Calculation

Power Calculation Formula

Component Power Calculation Example for 50 Racks
Server Power Watts × Quantity 500W × 400 = 200 kW
Storage Power 15-20% of server power 40 kW
Network Equipment 5-10% of server power 20 kW
Cooling Load 40-60% of IT load 120 kW
Total IT Load Sum of above + 20% growth 312 kW
Total Facility Load IT Load ÷ 0.8 (efficiency) 390 kW

UPS Systems Specification

UPS Type Capacity Range Runtime Efficiency Best For
Line-Interactive 1-10 kVA 5-15 minutes 85-90% Small server rooms
Online (Double Conversion) 10-500 kVA 15-30 minutes 92-95% Medium data centers
Modular UPS 50-1000 kVA 30+ minutes 96-98% Large facilities
Rotary UPS 200-2000 kVA Hours 97-99% Hyperscale data centers

Recommended Brands:

  • Enterprise Grade: Eaton, Schneider Electric, Vertiv
  • Mid Range: APC by Schneider, CyberPower
  • Budget Friendly: Microtek, Luminous, Numeric

Generator Requirements

Data Center Size Generator Capacity Fuel Type Runtime Redundancy
Small (10 racks) 150-250 kVA Diesel 24-48 hours N (Single)
Medium (50 racks) 500-800 kVA Diesel 48-72 hours N+1
Large (200 racks) 1.5-2.5 MVA Diesel/Natural Gas 72+ hours 2N

Cooling System Design

Air Cooling

  • Hot aisle/cold aisle containment
  • Precision air conditioning (CRAC)
  • Raised floor air distribution
  • Best for low density (5-8 kW/rack)

Liquid Cooling

  • Direct-to-chip cooling
  • Immersion cooling
  • Rear door heat exchangers
  • Best for high density (15+ kW/rack)

Free Cooling

  • Air-side economizers
  • Water-side economizers
  • Chiller-less operation
  • Best for cool climate regions

PUE Optimization Strategies

PUE Level Energy Efficiency Typical Design Annual Savings* Implementation Cost
2.0+ (Poor) 50% efficiency Traditional design Baseline Baseline
1.7-1.9 (Average) 53-59% efficiency Basic containment 15-25% savings Low
1.5-1.7 (Good) 59-67% efficiency Advanced containment 25-35% savings Medium
1.3-1.5 (Excellent) 67-77% efficiency Free cooling + optimization 35-50% savings High
1.1-1.3 (World Class) 77-91% efficiency Google/Facebook level 50-65% savings Very High

*Savings based on 1 MW data center with ₹8/kWh electricity rate